Turbulence refers to irregular air movement that can cause an aircraft to experience sudden changes in altitude and attitude. These atmospheric disturbances range in intensity from light, causing minor bumps, to severe, where the aircraft experiences violent jolts and may be momentarily uncontrollable. However, modern aircraft are designed to withstand significant turbulence.
The structural integrity of commercial airplanes is rigorously tested and built to endure forces far exceeding those typically encountered even in extreme turbulence. Furthermore, pilots receive extensive training in recognizing and managing turbulent conditions. Improved weather forecasting and reporting systems also play a vital role in helping pilots avoid severe areas. Historically, while turbulence has caused injuries and discomfort, it is rarely the direct cause of catastrophic aircraft failure.
